“Silver payment Russian bullion” hryvnia Chernigovskaya. “XI - XIII centuries. Silver, 196 gr. Size 149 mm. Spassky I. G. Russian monetary system. L. 1970. p. 65. Bauer NP The history of ancient Russian monetary systems M. 2014. pp. 262–263. Kotlyar NF Severorussky (”Chernihiv") coin hryvnias. Chernihiv hryvnias are the rarest among the ancient Russian coin ingots. Before the find of the Burgas treasure, when 34 Chernihiv hryvnias were found, they were known about 80 copies.The most mysterious type of ancient Russian coin hryvnias is the Chernigov type of silver ingots. Unlike other types of hryvnias, they usually have an irregular shape and are made rather scruffy. These ingots were produced periodically, depending on the need. , but also rural areas. The population had doubts about their quality, as evidenced by the frequent flattening of the surface - thus it was checked. This was the reason the fact that the hryvnia of the Chernihiv type most often became a raw material for artisan jewelers. Their manufacture was concentrated in several regions, one of which was the Chernihiv-Siverskaya land. The average weight of these ingots varied between 195.56 g and 196.74 g. Old Russian hryvnias of all types were made by casting in open forms. Their quality was closely linked to the perfect manufacture of the mold itself. The length, width and height of the ingot depended on its implementation. Its surface is mainly rough, porous, covered with shells (caverns), which were formed as a result of burning additives and slags. The quality of silver coin hryvnia is quite high and ranges between 915 and 960 samples. The shape of the first Chernihiv (North Russian) hryvnia initially corresponded to the samples of Kiev ingots, but their thick and short ends were disadvantageous for flattening. Therefore, for the Chernihiv hryvnia, a new form was introduced - diamond-shaped, with long elongated ends, which easily succumb to flattening. However, after some period of time, manufac...